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NOTE:
This is a temporary page that I'm using to dump these 'techniques' into. They don't belong amongst the reference manual, but are very useful, and it would be great to see more tips and tricks like this. Perhaps a good idea would be to add a 'techniques' page to each chapter, full of these sorts of things. I'll worry about that when I come to a high-level restructure of the manual.

--14:15, 12 July 2006 (CEST)

=Techniques=
==Incidence Angle dependent Textures==
I will mention the limitation of this technique right away: this will be no real Fresnel effect, because it is dependent on the camera angle - not really the incidence angle. But it works similar to Fresnel, when the camera is not too close to the surface or the face is relatively small compared to the camera. It works well with spheres but not so well with large planes.

[[Image:Manual-Part-IV-IncidenceAngle1.png|framed|Material settings for incidence dependent Alpha]]
As an example we will fake Fresnel Alpha. Of course you can do better with the corresponding slider, but with this technique we can change every Map To channel - not just Alpha. Therefore we use Alpha just for comparison reasons here.

Create a new material and set the {{Literal|Alpha}} Value in the {{Literal|Material}} Panel to 0.04. Turn on {{Literal|ZTranps}} in the {{Literal|MirrorTransp}} Panel (''Material settings for incidence dependent Alpha'').

<br clear="all" />
[[Image:Manual-Part-IV-IncidenceAngle2.png|framed|Texture settings for incidence dependent Alpha]]
Now add a new texture and set {{Literal|Map Input}} to {{Literal|Nor}}. Select {{Literal|-/-/Z}} coordinates. Under {{Literal|Map To}}, select {{Literal|Alpha}} only (''Texture settings for incidence dependent Alpha'').

Under the {{Literal|Texture Buttons}} ({{shortcut|F6}}) choose the {{Literal|Blend}} {{Literal|Texture Type}}. Then in the {{Literal|Blend}} buttons choose the {{Literal|Sphere}} type.
We could discuss the {{Literal|Blend}} effect in detail by using the {{Literal|Colorband}}, but this example shows only the principle.

<br clear="all" />
[[Image:Manual-Part-IV-FakeFresnel.gif|framed|left|Faked Fresnel Effect]]
[[Image:Manual-Part-IV-RealFresnel.jpg|thumb|160px|Real Fresnel Effect]]
You clearly can see how the plane becomes (96%) transparent if you view it directly perpendicular (''Faked Fresnel Effect''). For comparison "real" Fresnel (''Real Fresnel Effect'').

<br clear="all" />

==Instant Professionalism==
We will get a nice effect if we change this technique a bit. Under {{Literal|Map To}} select {{Literal|Ref}} and/or some {{Literal|Emit}}. Set the texture blending mode to {{Literal|Add}}. Since you get instant super light crispyness on your object (and it's very easy to achieve) it jestingly was called "Instant Professionalism".

<table>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
[[Image:Manual-Part-IV-WInstantPro.jpg|thumb|320px|none|With "Instant Professionalism". ]]
</td>
<td valign="top">
[[Image:Manual-Part-IV-WOInstantPro.jpg|thumb|320px|none|Without "Instant Professionalism"]]</td>
</tr>
</table>

<br clear="all" />

==Slope Dependent Textures==
A very similar technique can be used to create textures that are dependent on the slope of the terrain. Use a linear {{Literal|Blend}} texture with a {{Literal|colorband}} (''Texture settings for slope dependent textures''))
[[Image:Manual-Part-IV-SlopeDependentTexture1.png|framed|none|Texture settings for slope dependent textures.]]
Use this blend texture as a {{Literal|Stencil}} map which will keep the "Steep" Texture (''Material settings for slope dependent textures''). With the shown settings the terrain rises in Z-Direction.
[[Image:Manual-Part-IV-SlopeDependentTexture2.png|framed|none|Material settings for slope dependent textures.]]

==Height Dependent Textures==

You may also create textures that are dependent on the vertex position in respect to a certain axis (height dependent). Simply set {{Literal|Map Input}} to {{Literal|Glob}}, the input coordinates to {{Literal|Z/Z/Z}}. Now you can use a stencil texture to part a position "below" from a position "above". Colorbands allow you to adjust the softness of the transition. You could use a similar technique to create some color variations directly with a texture. Even contour lines would be possible - either with a custom colorband or with a partially transparent image texture with vertical lines.

==Single sided faces (Backface Culling)==
In Blender we don't really have single sided faces. But we can make them transparent from one side.
Using {{Literal|Map Input}} type {{Literal|Nor}} will help us.
[[Image:Manual-Part-IV-BC1.png|framed|No Vertex normal flip.]]
At first we will set {{Literal|No V. normal flip}} in the {{Literal|Mesh}} Panel of the {{Literal|Editing}} buttons ({{shortcut|F9}}). Because Blender normally renders double-sided, the direction of the normal (towards the front or the back) is automatically corrected during rendering. This option turns this automatic correction off. Be sure the face normals are set consistently in the same direction ({{shortcut|ctrl|N}} in EditMode).
{{clr}}
Now (again), set {{Literal|Map Input}} to {{Literal|Nor}} and change the mapping to {{Literal|Z/-/-}} (''Texture settings for Backface Cullling''). We will use a linear {{Literal|Blend}} texture, mapped to {{Literal|Alpha}}. Also, set {{Literal|DVar}} to 0 (totally transparent). Since we use a colorband with the Blend texture, we have to set {{Literal|No RGB}}.

[[Image:Manual-Part-IV-BC2.png|framed|none|Texture settings for Backface Culling,]]

And now for the last step - the custom blend (you could use an image texture as well of course). The left half (0 - 0.500) is white, the right half (0.501 - 1.000) is black.

[[Image:Manual-Part-IV-BC3.png|framed|none|The Blend Texture for Backface Culling.]]

Now the rendered faces are transparent from one side. As always with transparent materials you have to turn {{Literal|ZTransp}} or {{Literal|Ray Transp}} on, to see things behind your object instead of only the world background.

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