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{{Page/Header|2.6|Doc:2.6/Manual/Physics/Soft_Bodies/Interior_forces|Doc:2.6/Manual/Physics/Soft_Bodies/Simple_Examples}}

= Soft Body Collisions =
There are two different collision types that you may use: collision between different objects and internal collision. We should set one thing straight from the start: the primary targets of the collision calculation are the vertices of a Soft Body. So if you have too few vertices too few collision takes place. Secondarily, you can use edges and faces to improve the collision calculation.
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== Collisions with other objects ==
[[File:Doc-26-Manual-Physics-Adding-Collision.png|thumb|right|400px|Activating {{Literal|Collison}} in {{Literal|Physics}} context.]]
For a ''Soft Body'' to collide with another object there are a few prerequisites:
[[File:Doc-26-Manual-Physics-Softbody-Edges-Panel-Collision-Face.png|thumb|left|300px|{{Literal|Soft Body Edges}} panel with enable {{Literal|Collision}} {{Literal|Face}} option.]]
# Both objects have to share a layer, but the layer does not necessarily have to be visible.
# The collision object has to be a '''mesh''' object.
# You have to activate the option {{Literal|Collision}} in the {{Literal|Physics}} context for the collision object. The collision object ''may'' also be a Soft Body.
# For Soft Body must be enable {{Literal|Face}} or/and {{Literal|Edge}} options for {{Literal|Collision}} in {{Literal|Soft Body Edges}} panel.
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====Examples====
{|align=center
|[[File:Blender3D CubePlaneCollision2.gif|frame|A Soft Body cube colliding with a plane.]]
|[[File:Blender3D CubePlaneCollision3.gif|frame|A Soft Body plane colliding with a cube - no interaction at all.]]
|[[File:Blender3D CollidingPlane CFace.gif|frame|Collision with {{Literal|Collision Face}} activated.]]
|}

A cube colliding with a plane works pretty well (''A Soft Body cube colliding with a plane''), but a plane falls right through a cube that it is supposed to collide with (''A Soft Body plane colliding with a cube - no interaction at all''). Why is that? Because the default method of calculation only checks to see if the four vertices of the plane collides with the cube as the plane is pulled down by gravity. You can activate {{Literal|Collision Face}} to enable collision between the face of the plane and the object instead (''Collision with {{Literal|Collision Face}} activated''), but this type of calculation maybe takes much longer.

Let’s have a closer look at the collision calculation, so you can get an idea of how we might optimize it.
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===Calculating Collisions===
{|align=center, valign=top
|[[File:Blender3D VertexPlaneCollision.gif|frame|Visualization of the collision of a Soft Body vertex with a plane.]]
|[[File:Blender3D VertexPlaneCollision2.gif|frame|Six Soft Body vertices with different speed.<br />[[Media:CollidingVertices.blend|Blend file]]]]
|}

Soft Body simulation is by default done on a per vertex basis. If the vertices of the Soft Body do not collide with the collision object there will be no interaction between the two objects.

In (''Visualization of the collision of a Soft Body vertex with a plane''), you can see a vertex colliding with a plane. If a vertex penetrates the zone between {{Literal|Outer}} and {{Literal|Inner}}, it is repulsed by a force in the direction of the face normal. The position that a vertex finally ends up in is dependent on the forces that act upon it. In the example gravity and the repulsion force of the face balance out. The speed at which the vertex is pulled out of the collision zone is influenced by the {{Literal|Choke}} parameter (''Soft Body collisions options {{Literal|Collison}} in {{Literal|Physics}} context'' below).

Now lets see what happens if we make vertices heavier and let them travel at a faster speed. In (''Six Soft Body vertices with different speed''), you can see vertices traveling at different speeds. The two on the far right are traveling so fast that they pass right through the collision zone (this is because of the default solver precision - which we can fix later). You will notice that the fourth vertex also travels quite fast and because it is heavier it breaches the inner zone. The first three vertices collide OK.

[[File:Doc-26-Manual-Physics-Softbody-Edges-Panel-Collision-Face&Edge.png|frame|right|{{Literal|Soft Body Edges}} panel with enable {{Literal|Collision}} {{Literal|Face}} and {{Literal|Edge}} options.]]

You can set up your collision so that edges and even faces are included in the collision calculation (''{{Literal|Soft Body Edges}} panel with enable {{Literal|Collision}} {{Literal|Face}} and {{Literal|Edge}} options''). The collision is then calculated differently. It is checked whether the edge or face intersects with the collision object, the collision zones are not used.
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===Good collisions===
[[File:Doc-26-Manual-Physics-Softbody-Solver-Panel-Collision.png|frame|right|Parameters for Soft Body collision calculation in {{Literal|Soft Body Solver}} panel.]]

If the collision you have set up is not behaving properly, you can try the following:

{{NiceTip|1=The best way|2=Add {{Literal|Loop Cuts}} to your Soft Body object in strategic areas that you know are most likely to be involved in a collision.}}

* The Soft Body object must have more subdivisions than the collision object.
* Check the direction of the face normals.
* If the collision object has sharp spikes they might penetrate the Soft Body.
* The resolution of the solver must match the speed at which Soft Body vertices are traveling. Lower the parameter {{Literal|Error Limit}} and carefully increase {{Literal|Min Step}}.
* Set {{Literal|Choke}} to a high enough value (all the way up if necessary) if you have difficulties with repelled vertices.
* {{Literal|Fuzzy}} high values make collision handling faster but less stable.
* Colliding faces are difficult to control and need long calculation times. Try not to use them.
[[File:Doc-26-Manual-Physics-Collision-Softbodyoptions.png|frame|center|Soft Body collisions options {{Literal|Collison}} in {{Literal|Physics}} context.]]
* {{Literal|Outer}} and {{Literal|Inner}} should be large enough, but zones of opposite faces should not overlap, or you have forces in opposite directions.
* If you use strong forces you should use large zones.
* Also you set amount the damping for Soft Body during collision with {{Literal|Soft Body Damping Factor}}.

Often it is better to create a simplified mesh to use as your collision object, however this may be difficult if you are using an animated mesh.
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==Self Collisions==
[[File:Doc-26-Manual-Physics-Softbody-Selfcollision-Example.png|frame|center|Without (diabled) (left) and with (enabled) (right) {{Literal|Soft Body Self Collision}} both with disabled {{Literal|Stiff Quads}}.]]
{{Literal|Soft Body Self Collision}} is working only if you have activated {{Literal|Soft Body Edges}}.

When enabled, allows you to control how Blender will prevent the Soft Body from intersecting with itself. Every vertex is surrounded with an elastic virtual ball. Vertices may not penetrate the balls of other vertices. If you want a good result you may have to adjust the size of these balls. Normally it works pretty well with the default options.
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===Settings===
[[File:Doc-26-Manual-Physics-Softbody-Selfcollision-Panel.png|frame|right|{{Literal|Soft Body Self Collision}} panel.]]
; {{Literal|Collision Ball Size Calculations:}}:
; {{Literal|Manual}}
: The {{Literal|Size}} directly sets the ball size (in BU).
; {{Literal|Averavge}} (“average”)
: The average length of all edges attached to the vertex is calculated and then multiplied with the {{Literal|Size}} setting. Works well with evenly distributed vertices.
; {{Literal|Minimal}}/{{Literal|Maximal}}
: The ball size is as large as the smallest/largest spring length of the vertex multiplied with the {{Literal|Size}}.
; {{Literal|AvMiMax}}
: Size = ((Min + Max)/2) × {{Literal|Size}}.

; {{Literal|Ball:}}:
; {{Literal|Size}}
: Default 0.49 BU or fraction of the length of attached edges. The edge length is computed based on the algorithm you choose. You know how when someone stands too close to you, and feel uncomfortable? We call that our “personal space”, and this setting is the factor that is multiplied by the spring length. It is a spherical distance (radius) within which, if another vertex of the same mesh enters, the vertex starts to deflect in order to avoid a self-collision.
:Set this value to the fractional distance between vertices that you want them to have their own “space”. Too high of a value will include too many vertices all the time and slow down the calculation. Too low of a level will let other vertices get too close and thus possibly intersect because there won’t be enough time to slow them down.
; {{Literal|Stiffness}}
: Default 1.0. How elastic that ball of personal space is.
; {{Literal|Dampening}}
:Default 0.5. How the vertex reacts. A low value just slows down the vertex as it gets too close. A high value repulses it.
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{{Page/Footer|Doc:2.6/Manual/Physics/Soft_Bodies/Interior_forces|Doc:2.6/Manual/Physics/Soft_Bodies/Simple_Examples}}

[[Category:Physics]]
[[Category:Soft bodies]]

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