利用者:Sculptorjim/Game Engine/Camera

Introduction to Game Engine Camera

The Game Engine camera is in many ways similar to the Camera in the normal Blender Render system, and is created, parameterized and manipulated in similar ways. However because of its use as a real-time device, the Game Engine camera has a number of additional features - it may be used as not only as a static camera, but also as a moving device with its default characteristics (ie. with its own programmed moves), or it may track another object in the game. Furthermore, any game object may be used as a camera; the view is taken from the object's origin point. Lastly, it may be given special capabilities such as Stereo vision, Dome visualisation etc. which have special relevance to game technology.

When you start the Game Engine, the initial camera view is taken from the latest 3D View. This may be either a selected camera object or the default camera (see below). Thus to start the game with a particular camera, you must select the camera and press 0 NumPad before starting the Game Engine.

	To avoid camera distortion, always zoom the view in until the camera object fills the entire viewport
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Default camera

The default camera view is taken from the latest 3D viewport view, at a distance equivalent to the viewer. This means that, if the normal 3D view is active, the scene does not change when the Game Engine is started.

Camera Object

The Camera object in the Game Engine follows much the scame structure as the conventional Blender camera - see Camera for details of how to set up, manipulate and select a camera. The following sections show some of the special facilities acvailable in BGE cameras.

Parent Camera to Object

The camera will follow the object. First select the camera and then select the object. Next CtrlP → Make Parent.

Note that if your object has any rotations then the camera will also have those rotations. To avoid this use “Parent to Vertex” (see below).

Parent to Vertex

The easiest way to accomplish this is to select your object and ⇆ Tab to Edit mode. Now select the vertex and ⇆ Tab back to Object mode.

Next, without any objects selected, select the camera and, holding the ⇧ Shift key, select the object. ⇆ Tab into Edit mode, and CtrlP and choose Make vertex parent.

Now the camera will follow the object and it will maintain its rotation, while the object rotates.

Object as a Camera

Any object may also become a camera with whatever properties are set for the object.

To make an object the camera, in Object mode select the object and press Ctrl0 NumPad on the numpad.

To reverse it, just select the camera and Ctrl0 NumPad again.

Camera lens shift

In the blender interface, there is an option to shift the camera view on the x/y plane of the view. It is comparable to lens shift in video projectors, that usualy shift the image up along the Y axis (so for ex. when you put the beamer on a table, it does not project half of the image on the table.)

Unfortunately, this parameter is not taken in account by the game engine.

To manipulate the projection, we can then modify directly the camera projection matrix in python.

import bge
scene = bge.logic.getCurrentScene()
cam = scene.active_camera
# get projection matrix
camatrix = cam.projection_matrix
#modifying the camera projection matrix by modifying the x and y terms of the 3rd row to obtain a shift of the rendered area 
camatrix[2][0] = 2*shiftx
camatrix[2][1] = 2*shitfy
cam.projection_matrix = camatrix

shiftx and shifty are here in field of view unit, so for ex. for shifting the view up half a screen, shifty is set to 0.5.

Note that a camera's projection_matrix attribute may not be set until after initialization scripts are executed and running this code immediately after the game starts will mess up the projection matrix.

See also

• Fisheye Dome camera.