利用者:Sculptorjim/Game Engine/Physics/Objects/Static

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Static Physics Object Type

Static objects in the Blender Game Engine do not automatically react to physics, including gravity and collisions. Even if hit by the force of a speeding 18-wheeler truck, it will remain unresponsive in terms of location, rotation, or deformation.

It will, however, give collision reactions. Objects will bounce off of Static Objects, and rotational inertia will transfer to objects capable of rotating (that is, Rigid Body Objects will spin in response, though Dynamic Objects will not).

Note that none of this prevents you from transforming the Static Objects with Logic Bricks or Python code. The visual objects will correctly move and their physics representation will update in the engine as well.

Another important note is that the default Collision Bounds is a Triangle Mesh, meaning it is higher in computational requirements but also in detail. This in turn means the "Radius" option has no effect by default.

In the example game demo, Frijoles, the Static type is represented by the "Arena" object that holds all the moving bits.

For more documentation, see the Top BGE Physics page.

Options

Blender3D FreeTip.png
bpy Access
Note that most of these properties are accessible through the non-BGE scripting API via bpy.data.objects["ObjectName"].game, which is of type bpy.types.GameObjectSetting. This is useful so you can, for example, set a range of objects to have gradated values via a for-loop.


  • Actor - Enables detection by Near and Radar Sensors.
    • Default: On.
    • Python property: obj.game.use_actor
  • Ghost - Disables collisions completely, similar to No Collision.
    • Default: Off.
    • Python property: obj.game.use_ghost
  • Invisible - Does not display, the same as setting the object to unrendered (such as unchecking the "Camera" icon in the Outliner).
    • Demo: The "ClothCatcher" object in top of Frijoles.blend
    • Default: Off.
    • Python property: obj.use_render
  • Radius - If you have the "Collision Bounds: Sphere" set explicitly (or implicitly through having the Collision Bounds subpanel unchecked), this will multiply with the Object's (unapplied) Scale. Note that none of the other bounds types are affected. Also note that in the 3D View the display will show this for all types, even though it is only actually used with Sphere.
Basic Radius=1.5 Unapplied Scale Applied Scale Collision Bounds
Rolls, radius of 1 BU Rolls, radius of 1.5 BU (after "popping" upward) Rolls, radius of 1.5 BU Rolls, radius of 1 BU (!) Default (which is Sphere)
Slides, extent of 1 BU Slides, extent of 1 BU Slides, extent of 1.5 BU Slides, extent of 1.5 BU Box
"" "" "" "" Convex Hull
Slides, extent of 1 BU (but with more friction than above) Slides, extent of 1 BU (but with more friction than above) Acts insane Slides, extent of 1.5 BU Triangle Mesh
  • Anisotropic Friction - Isotropic friction is identical at all angles. Anisotropic is directionally-dependant. Here you can vary the coefficients for the three axes individually, or disable friction entirely.
    • Range: 0.1-1.
    • Default: 1.
    • Python properties: obj.game.use_anisotropic_friction (boolean) and obj.game.friction_coefficients (a 3-element array).

Collision Bounds

Note: The Static type differs from the others in that it defaults to a Triangle Mesh bounds, instead of a simple sphere.

Demonstration of a Local Bounding Box (left) and a Global Bounding Box (right). The monkeys are identical, except the right one has had its rotation applied with CtrlAR

.

The first thing you must understand is the idea of the 3d Bounding Box. If you run through all the vertices of a mesh and record the lowest and highest x values, you have found the x min/max---the complete boundary for all x values within the mesh. Do this again for y and z, then make a rectangular prism out of these values, and you have a Bounding Box. This box could be oriented relative globally to the world or locally to the object's rotation.

The x extent, then, is half of the distance between the x min/max.

Setting the origin to Bounds Center instead of Median Center.

Throughout all of this you must be cognizant of the Object Origin. For the Game engine, the default CtrlAlt⇧ ShiftC,3 (Set Origin » Origin to Geometry) is unlikely to get the desired placement of the Collision Bounds that you want. Instead, you should generally set the origin by looking at the T-toolshelf after you do the Set Origin, and changing the Center from Median Center to Bounds Center. Blender will remember this change for future CtrlAlt⇧ ShiftC executions.

All Collision Bounds are centered on this origin. All boxes are oriented locally, so object rotation matters.


A final introductory comment: When you set the Collision Bounds on an object, Blender will attempt to display a visualization of the bounds in the form of a dotted outline. Currently, there is a bug: The 3D View does not display this bounds preview where it actually will be during the game. To see it, go to Game » Show Physics Visualization and look for the white (or green, if sleeping) geometry.

Now we can explain the various options for the Collision Bounds settings:

A convex hull sketch
Another way to create Collision Bounds -- By hand.
  • (Default)
    • For Dynamic and Static objects, it is a Triangle Mesh (see below).
    • For everything else, it is a Sphere (see below).
  • Capsule - A cylinder with hemispherical caps, like a pill.
    • Radius of the hemispheres is the greater of the x or y extent.
    • Height is the z bounds
  • Box - The x,y,z bounding box, as defined above.
  • Sphere -
    • Radius is defined by the object's scale (visible in the N properties panel) times the physics radius (can be found in Physics » Attributes » Radius.
    • Note: This is the only bounds that respects the Radius option.
  • Cylinder
    • Radius is the greater of the x or y extent.
    • Height is the z bounds.
  • Cone
    • Base radius is the greater of the x or y extent.
    • Height is the z bounds.
  • Convex Hull - Forms a shrink-wrapped, simplified geometry around the object.
  • Triangle mesh - Most expensive, but most precise. Collision will happen with all of triangulated polygons, instead of using a virtual mesh to approximate that collision.
  • By Hand - This is not an option in the Physics tab's Collision Bounds settings, but a different approach, entirely. You create a second mesh, which is invisible, to be the physics representation. This becomes the parent for your display object. Then, your display object is set to ghost so it doesn't fight with the parent object. This method allows you to strike a balance between the accuracy of Triangle Mesh with the efficiency of some of the others. See the demo of this in the dune buggy to the right.


Options

There are only two options in the Collision Bounds subpanel.

  • Margin - "Add extra margin around object for collision detection, small amount required for stability." If you find your objects are getting stuck in places they shouldn't, try increasing this to, say, 0.06.
    • Sometimes 0.06 is the default (such as on the Default Cube), but sometimes it is not. You have to keep an eye on the setting, or else learn the symptoms so you can respond when it gives you trouble.
    • You can see somewhat of a demo in Manual-BGE-Physics_Margins.blend. Here, the 0.0 settings are not clearly wrong, but they are different from the 0.06 settings. The 1.0 are simply wrong for the Box and Convex Hull objects. As you will notice, as of 2.62, the Margin has an odd effect on "Sphere" Collision Bounds types. It is almost imperceptibly different - so you will have to see the System Console to view the z-axis measurement. When you look at it, you will find that the purple row of Sphere bounds objects behave nearly identically in spite of the varying Margins.
    • The range is 0.0-1.0
    • If you're lazy/paranoid/unsure/diligent/bored, you can always run this on the Python Console to bump all 0.0 margins to 0.06: for obj in bpy.data.objects: obj.game.collision_margin = obj.game.collision_margin or 0.06
  • Compound - "Add children to form compound collision object." Basically, if you have a child object and do not have this enabled, the child's collisions will not have an effect on that object "family" (though it will still push other objects around). If you do have it checked, the parent's physics will respond to the child's collision (thus updating the whole family). For a demonstration, look at the far right of the top row of Manual-BGE-Physics-CollisionBounds.blend. In it, the Empty.001 has "Compound" unchecked, and so it falls down, while Empty.001 has it checked, and behaves properly. Python property: obj.game.use_collision_compound

Example Demo

To see working examples of most of the types of Collision Bounds configurations, see Manual-BGE-Physics-CollisionBounds.blend. The objects in red have some kind of flawed setting, and the green ones are the improved versions. It already has the Show Physics Visualization setting checked, so when you hit P you will see the bounds behavior in white wireframes.

Here you will see:

  • First Row:
    • A rotated Cube, with and without "Collision Bounds" checked (demonstrates that the default bounds does not rotate with the object rotation).
    • The difference between setting object origins to the default "Median" center versus the "Bounds" center.
    • Suzanne falling onto a custom shelf, perfectly made for her jaw shape. Only Triangle Mesh results in good behavior for this one.
    • Options:
      • (Excessively) increased Margin.
      • Compound when parenting is involved.
  • Second Row:
    • All 7 incorrect types of bounds (for this case).
    • 3 correct types (Convex Hull, Triangle Mesh, and custom).

Origin, Rotation, Scale

You must understand Applying Rotation/Scale with CtrlA and setting object Origins with CtrlAlt⇧ ShiftC. As mentioned in the Collision Bounds Section, the default behavior for Set Origin is to put it at the Median Center, but for the BGE you will usually want to use Bounds Center.

Some examples, as demonstrated in: Manual-BGE-Physics-TransformApply.blend

  • An object's bounds are defined by the min/max of all the vertices for each of the axes. The center of gravity is defined by its Origin (the orange dot in the 3d View).
  • Rotating does not affect the default collision bounds -- Collision Bounds option must enabled if you want to explicitly set the type of Collision Bounds so that you can choose a type where rotation has an affect.
  • Scaling does affect the object's bounds effective radius value, but if you CtrlAS (Apply Scale), the bounds pop back out to a larger size. You must set the Collision Bounds (or the Radius) explicitly if you want a more correct physics representation.

Create Obstacle

TODO.

  • It has to do with pathfinding and obstacle avoidance.
  • from the recent Recast (generating navmeshes) and Detour (navmesh/pathfinding) additions: http://code.google.com/p/recastnavigation/
  • World > Obstacle simulation

All Types

Comparison Table - No Collision | Static | Dynamic | Rigid Body | Soft Body



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